Keywords
Tafsīr al-Jalālayn
Formal Religious Education
Pesantren
Yellow Book
How to Cite
Abstract
This article examines the marginalization of the traditional pesantren educational system and how the system finds a way to be recognized as equal in contemporary Indonesia. This study is mainly based on the author’s observation of practices in Tafsīr al-Jalālayn pedagogies in traditional and modern West Javanese pesantrens and the kitāb reading tournament, with in-depth interviews of some related figures and teachers, during the periods 2015-2017. This article argues that the marginalization of the educational system since the coming of modernization in the early twentieth century continues to happen up to the end of the century. The graduates of the traditional institutions keep left behind, and that the traditional pesantren system is merely recognized as a type of non-formal education. The twenty-first century period witnessed attempts from the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Religious Affairs to equalize the kitāb-based learning in the traditional milieu. By so doing, the graduates are expected to receive equal rights for pursuing their education or looking for a career.References
Azra, Azyumardi. 2003. Surau: Pendidikan Islam Tradisional Dalam Transisi Dan Modernisasi. Ciputat: Logos.
Azra, Azyumardi, Dina Afriyanti, and Robert W. Hefner. 2007. “Pesantren and Madrasa: Muslim Schools and National Ideals in Indonesia.” In Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim Education, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bachtiar, T.A. 2012. Sejarah Pesantren PERSIS 1936-1983. Jakarta: Pembela Islam Media.
Burhanudin, Jajat. 2010. “Traditional Islam and Modernity: Some Notes on the Changing Role of the Ulama in Early Twentieth Indonesia.” In Varieties of Religious Authority: Changes and Challenges in 20th Century Indonesian Islam, eds. Azyumardi Azra, C. van Dijk, and N. J. G Kaptein. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. 1999. The Pesantren Tradition: The Role of the Kyai in the Maintenance of Traditional Islam in Java. Arizona: Program for Southeast Asian Studies.
Fealy, Greg. 1998. “Ulama and Politics in Indonesia: A History of Nahdlatul Ulama, 1952-1967.” Ph.D. Dissertation. Monash University.
Federspiel, Howard M. 1970. Persatuan Islam; Islamic Reform in Twentieth Century Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
———. 2001. Islam and Ideology in the Emerging Indonesian State: The Persatuan Islam (Persis), 1923-1957. Leiden; Boston: Brill. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10090621 (December 12, 2019).
Gade, Anna M. 2004. Perfection Makes Practice: Learning, Emotion, and the Recited Qurān in Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Hefner, Robert W. 2009. Making Modern Muslims: The Politics of Islamic Education in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Hefner, Robert W., and Muhammad Qasim Zaman, eds. 2007. Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim Education. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Kaptein, N. J. G. 2004. The Voice of Ulama: Fatwas and Religious Authority in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Latif, Yudi. 2008. Indonesian Muslim Intelligentsia and Power. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Machasin. 2010. “Struggle for Authority: Between Formal Religious Institution and Informal-Local Leaders.” In Varieties of Religious Authority: Changes and Challenges in 20th Century Indonesian Islam, eds. Azyumardi Azra, C. van Dijk, and N. J. G Kaptein. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Noer, Deliar. 1980. Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942. Jakarta: LP3ES.
———. 2010. Administration of Islam in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.
Panitia Hut ke-XXVII Departemen Agama RI. 1973. 27 Tahun Departemen Agama: 1946 3 Januari 1973. Jakarta: Departemen Agama RI.
Roff, William R. 1967. The Origins of Malay Nationalism. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Rosyidin, Didin Nurul. 2009. Konsep Pendidikan Formal Islam: Ikhtiar Pendidikan Formal Persis Dalam Mencetak Generasi Tafaqquh Fiddin. Bandung: Pustaka Nadwah.
Steenbrink, Karel. 1986. Pesantren, Madrasah, Sekolah: Pendidikan Islam Dalam Kurun Modern. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Wirjosukarto, A.H. 1966. Pembaharuan Pendidikan Dan Pengadjaran Islam Oleh Pergerakan Muhammadijah. Malang: U.P. Ken Mutia.
Yahya, I.D. 2007. “Kisah Kerajaan Ngalogat.” Pikiran Rakyat.
Yunus, Mahmud. 1979. Sejarah Pendidikan Islam Indonesia. Jakarta: Mutiara.
Legislation
Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Islam Nomor 6036 Tahun 2015 tentang Kerangka Dasar dan Struktur Kurikulum Pendidikan Diniyah Formal Ulya (The Decree of the General Director of Islamic Education No. 6036 year 2015 on the Structure and Curriculum of the Formal Religious Education at the Senior level).
Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Islam Nomor 6963 Tahun 2017 tentang Kerangka Dasar dan Struktur Kurikulum Pendidikan Diniyah Formal Wustha (The Decree of the General Director of Islamic Education No. 6963 year 2017 on the Structure and Curriculum of the Formal Religious Education at the Junior level).
Peraturan Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2014 tentang Pendidikan Keagamaan Islam (The Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs, the Republic of Indonesia, No. 13 year 2014 on Islamic education).
Peraturan Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 tentang Satuan Pendidikan Mu’adalah pada Pondok Pesantren (The Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs, the Republic of Indonesia, No. 18 year 2014 on the Mu’adalah education in the Pondok Pesantren).
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2007 tentang Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan (The Regulation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia No. 55 year 2007 on Religion Education and Religious Education).
Interviews
Interview with Ustaz Aceng Zakaria, Garut, December 1st, 2015.
Interview with Ustaz Romli, Bandung, February 11th, 2017.
Interview with Ustaz Ujang Juanda, Garut, February 1st, 2017.
Interview with Ustaz Iqbal Santoso, Garut, February 6th, 2017.
Interview with Dr Suwendi, officer in the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Jakarta, May 9th, 2017.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.